{"id":2016,"date":"2025-06-25T15:35:06","date_gmt":"2025-06-25T13:35:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.aeavocats.fr\/?p=2016"},"modified":"2025-06-27T15:08:45","modified_gmt":"2025-06-27T13:08:45","slug":"greve-des-cheminots-sncf-2024","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aeavocats.fr\/index.php\/2025\/06\/25\/greve-des-cheminots-sncf-2024\/","title":{"rendered":"Gr\u00e8ve des cheminots contre la restructuration de la SNCF : enjeux juridiques et perspectives 2024"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]\n

En novembre 2024, une importante gr\u00e8ve nationale a \u00e9clat\u00e9 au sein de la SNCF. Les syndicats de cheminots ont protest\u00e9 contre une restructuration profonde de l\u2019entreprise, per\u00e7ue comme une menace pour l\u2019unit\u00e9 du groupe et les droits des salari\u00e9s. Derri\u00e8re ce mouvement social se jouent des enjeux de gouvernance, de concurrence, mais aussi des questions juridiques essentielles en droit du travail et en droit des transports. Cet article propose une analyse de cette <\/span>gr\u00e8ve des cheminots SNCF 2024<\/b>, de ses origines \u00e0 ses cons\u00e9quences.<\/span><\/p>\n

Une restructuration de la SNCF au c\u0153ur de la contestation<\/b><\/h3>\n

Depuis la loi pour un nouveau pacte ferroviaire de 2018, la transformation de la SNCF en soci\u00e9t\u00e9 anonyme \u00e0 capitaux publics est en marche. En 2024, cette restructuration s\u2019intensifie avec une filialisation progressive en entit\u00e9s sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es : SNCF Voyageurs, SNCF R\u00e9seau, Fret SNCF, SNCF Connect, etc. Chacune de ces structures devient une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de droit commun, juridiquement autonome, soumise \u00e0 des logiques de gestion et de rentabilit\u00e9 distinctes.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ce d\u00e9coupage, d\u00e9nonc\u00e9 par les syndicats comme une \u201cbalkanisation\u201d du groupe, a pour but en partie de faciliter la reprise de la dette ferroviaire par l\u2019\u00c9tat : en scindant les activit\u00e9s, l\u2019\u00c9tat peut reprendre le passif de SNCF R\u00e9seau sans engager l\u2019ensemble du groupe SNCF. Cette op\u00e9ration permet aussi de r\u00e9pondre aux exigences europ\u00e9ennes en mati\u00e8re de mise en concurrence du rail. Mais elle alimente les craintes d\u2019un d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement progressif du service public, avec des cons\u00e9quences concr\u00e8tes sur la coh\u00e9rence du r\u00e9seau, la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 d\u2019exploitation et les droits collectifs des cheminots, dont les garanties historiques sont peu \u00e0 peu remises en cause.<\/span><\/p>\n

Les revendications des syndicats ferroviaires<\/b><\/h3>\n

Les organisations syndicales (CGT-Cheminots, SUD-Rail, UNSA-Ferroviaire\u2026) d\u00e9noncent les effets directs de la <\/span>r\u00e9forme ferroviaire de 2018<\/b>, <\/span>entr\u00e9e en vigueur le 1er janvier 2020<\/b>, marquant la fin progressive du statut de cheminot. Depuis cette date, les nouveaux agents sont recrut\u00e9s <\/span>sous contrat de droit commun<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Les principales pertes point\u00e9es par les syndicats :<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • Fin du <\/span>statut cheminot<\/b> pour les nouveaux entrants<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Disparition de garanties historiques :<\/span><\/li>\n
  • mobilit\u00e9 encadr\u00e9e<\/span><\/li>\n
  • r\u00e9gime de retraite sp\u00e9cifique<\/span><\/li>\n
  • conditions de travail uniformis\u00e9es<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Externalisation<\/b> de fonctions : maintenance, fret, restauration<\/span><\/li>\n
  • D\u00e9mant\u00e8lement du service public ferroviaire<\/b>, au profit d\u2019une logique concurrentielle<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Le 18 novembre 2024, une <\/span>gr\u00e8ve nationale<\/b> est venue cristalliser ces revendications, dans un climat social particuli\u00e8rement tendu.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Quels enjeux juridiques pour les salari\u00e9s et l’entreprise ?<\/b><\/h3>\n

    Le passage en soci\u00e9t\u00e9 anonyme et l\u2019\u00e9clatement du groupe posent plusieurs <\/span>questions juridiques majeures<\/b> :<\/span><\/p>\n

    Droits acquis et maintien des contrats :<\/b><\/h5>\n
      \n
    • Les agents d\u00e9j\u00e0 en poste conservent leurs droits, mais les nouveaux recrut\u00e9s sont soumis au droit commun<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Le transfert entre entit\u00e9s pose la question de la <\/span>reprise de contrat<\/b>, du <\/span>droit de refus<\/b>, et du maintien des acquis<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      Dialogue social :<\/b><\/h5>\n
        \n
      • N\u00e9gociations obligatoires dans chaque entit\u00e9<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Risque d\u2019\u00e9clatement des instances repr\u00e9sentatives du personnel<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        Cadre europ\u00e9en :<\/b><\/h5>\n
          \n
        • La mise en concurrence r\u00e9sulte des directives europ\u00e9ennes, qui exigent une <\/span>s\u00e9paration stricte entre gestion d\u2019infrastructure et exploitation<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Ouverture \u00e0 la concurrence : \u00e9tat des lieux en 2025<\/b><\/h3>\n

          Depuis d\u00e9cembre 2020, les r\u00e9gions peuvent ouvrir \u00e0 la concurrence leurs lignes TER. En 2025 :<\/span><\/p>\n

            \n
          • Les <\/span>r\u00e9gions Sud, Hauts-de-France et Grand Est<\/b> ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 lanc\u00e9 des appels d\u2019offres<\/span><\/li>\n
          • De nouveaux op\u00e9rateurs (ex : Trenitalia, Transdev) d\u00e9barquent sur certaines lignes<\/span><\/li>\n
          • Des salari\u00e9s de la SNCF peuvent \u00eatre <\/span>transf\u00e9r\u00e9s<\/b> vers ces nouveaux exploitants, conform\u00e9ment aux articles L.2121-22 et suivants le <\/span>Code des transports<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Cette ouverture soul\u00e8ve des <\/span>enjeux humains, juridiques et sociaux<\/b> in\u00e9dits dans le secteur ferroviaire fran\u00e7ais.<\/span><\/p>\n

            Quel avenir pour la SNCF et les relations sociales ?<\/b><\/h3>\n

            L\u2019avenir de la SNCF d\u00e9pendra de sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 :<\/span><\/p>\n

              \n
            • Maintenir une <\/span>coh\u00e9sion sociale<\/b> entre les branches<\/span><\/li>\n
            • Dialoguer avec des <\/span>syndicats plus fragment\u00e9s<\/b><\/li>\n
            • Assurer un service public tout en respectant les r\u00e8gles de la concurrence<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              La jurisprudence \u00e0 venir (prud\u2019hommes, tribunaux administratifs, Conseil d\u2019\u00c9tat) jouera un r\u00f4le crucial pour fixer les <\/span>limites de ces transformations<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n

              Les avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en <\/span>droit du transport<\/b> et en <\/span>droit du travail<\/b> seront en premi\u00e8re ligne pour accompagner les salari\u00e9s comme les entreprises dans cette mutation complexe.<\/span><\/p>\n

              Conclusion<\/b><\/h3>\n

              La <\/span>gr\u00e8ve des cheminots SNCF 2024<\/b> illustre les tensions d\u2019une entreprise en transition : entre r\u00e9forme structurelle, obligations europ\u00e9ennes et attentes sociales fortes.<\/span><\/p>\n

              Plus qu\u2019une simple mobilisation, elle met en lumi\u00e8re les limites d\u2019une ouverture \u00e0 la concurrence men\u00e9e \u00e0 marche forc\u00e9e. Dans ce contexte mouvant, une <\/span>lecture juridique claire et rigoureuse<\/b> est indispensable pour comprendre les cons\u00e9quences r\u00e9elles de cette restructuration. Vous \u00eates un acteur du secteur ferroviaire confront\u00e9 \u00e0 des mutations structurelles ? AE AVOCATS vous conseille sur vos droits, vos obligations contractuelles et vos relations sociales dans un contexte de concurrence.<\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][nectar_btn size=\u00a0\u00bblarge\u00a0\u00bb button_style=\u00a0\u00bbregular\u00a0\u00bb button_color_2=\u00a0\u00bbAccent-Color\u00a0\u00bb color_override=\u00a0\u00bb#e43c25″ solid_text_color_override=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb icon_family=\u00a0\u00bbdefault_arrow\u00a0\u00bb text=\u00a0\u00bbNous contacter\u00a0\u00bb margin_top=\u00a0\u00bb20″ css_animation=\u00a0\u00bbfadeIn\u00a0\u00bb url=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.aeavocats.fr\/index.php\/contact\/\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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